Asociación entre actividad física y calidad de vida: Encuesta Nacional de Salud / Association between physical activity and quality of life: National Health Survey

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar el efecto de la actividad física (AF) sobre la calidad de vida (CV) en personas de 15 años o más, considerando características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y psicosociales levantadas en una encuesta nacional. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo-analítico-transversal desarrollado en Chile 2020, a partir de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: Edad promedio de 49 años, 63% de sexo femenino. Un 15% informó practicar algún deporte o entrenar de manera intensa; 75% tiene una buena o muy buena CV y 53% buena o muy buena CV en salud. Quienes practicaban algún deporte intenso tenían más posibilidad de tener una buena o muy buena CV (RM=1.58; IC95%= 1.28,1.96) y CV asociada a la salud (RM=1.67; IC95%= 1.40,1.99) en comparación con quienes no practicaban. Conclusiones: La AF es un aspecto que impacta positivamente en la CV de las personas y en la salud general de la población, además de que es económica y fácil de instaurar.

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the effect of Physical Activity (PA) on the Quality of Life (QL) of people aged 15 years and over considering sociodemographic, epidemiological, and psychosocial characteristics collected in a national survey carried out in Chile. Materials and methods: Quantitative-analytical-transversal developed in Chile 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Average age of 49 years, 63% female. 15% reported practicing some sport or training intensely; 75% have a good or very good QL, and 53% have a good or very good QL in health. Those who practiced an intense sport were more likely to have a good or very good QL (OR= 1.58; 95%CI= 1.28,1.96) and QL associated with health (OR= 1.67; 95%CI= 1.40,1.99) compared to those who did not do it. Conclusions: PA is an aspect that impacts people's QL, cheap, easy to establish, and positively impacts the general health of the population.

Gestión en Salud del Programa de Cáncer de Mama en Chile / Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Santo Domingo. Ecuador

Resumen El cáncer de mama es objeto de una de las políticas públicas de mayor impacto en la población mundial. En Chile, el aumento de los indicadores de incidencia y mortalidad del cáncer de mama lo convirtieron en un problema de salud pública, abordado con: objetivos sanitarios, programa nacional del cáncer, garantía explícita en salud y guías clínicas a nivel nacional. No obstante, sin impacto en los indicadores de salud de la población en el contexto actual de sociedad de mercado y la salud como un bien de consumo. Ante lo cual, se discute el Programa de Cáncer de Mama en la realidad chilena, para, así, contribuir al análisis de la Gestión en Salud de este problema de salud pública y mejorar su abordaje actual. El 2018, comenzó la implementación de nuevas directrices y estrategias a nivel nacional. Será necesario el compromiso y esfuerzo de cada región para la consumación de estos lineamientos.

Abstract Breast Cancer is one of the public policies with the most significant impact on the world population. In Chile, the increase in breast cancer incidence and mortality indicators has become this disease in a public health problem addressed with health objectives, national cancer programs, explicit health guarantee, and clinical guidelines at the national level. However, that has not shown an impact on the population's health indicators in the current context of the market society and health as a consumer good. Consider this background, the Breast Cancer Program in the Chilean reality discuss, thus, contributing to the analysis of Health Management of this public health problem, improving its current approach. In 2018, the implementation of new guidelines and strategies began at the national level. The commitment and effort of each region of the country will be necessary for the fulfillment of these guidelines.

Resumo O câncer de mama é uma das políticas públicas de maior impacto na população mundial. No Chile, o aumento dos indicadores de incidência e mortalidade de câncer de mama o transformou em um problema de saúde pública, abordado com: objetivos de saúde, programa nacional de câncer, garantia explícita de saúde e diretrizes clínicas em nível nacional. No entanto, sem impacto nos indicadores de saúde da população no contexto atual de uma sociedade de mercado e na saúde como bem de consumo. Diante disso, é discutido o Programa de Câncer de Mama na realidade chilena, contribuindo para a análise da Gestão em Saúde desse problema de saúde pública, melhorando sua abordagem atual. Em 2018, a implementação de novas diretrizes e estratégias começou em nível nacional. O compromisso e o esforço de cada região serão necessários para a consumação dessas diretrizes.

Health Assessment of Electronic Waste Workers in Chile: Participant Characterization.

Little research has been done to evaluate the occupational health of electronic waste (e-waste) recycling workers in Latin America. The objective of this study was to complete comprehensive health evaluations on e-waste recycling workers in Chile and to compare those that work in informal (i.e., independent) to those that work in formal (i.e., established company) settings. A cross-sectional study in the summer of 2017 recruited 78 informal recycling workers from two cities and 15 formal e-waste recycling workers from a single recycling facility to assess exposures and health outcomes. Participants completed a health questionnaire and underwent a full health assessment. Herein, only health questionnaire data are reported. Participants were primarily male, middle-aged, married with children, and had worked in e-waste recycling for an average of 12 years. Participants generally reported good health status, and their prevalence of chronic diseases was comparable to national rates. Workers frequently reported exposures to several occupational stressors, including noise and insufficient income, as well as other mental health stressors. Occupational injuries were commonly reported and use of safety equipment was low. Only a few significant differences, generally of a rather small magnitude, were found between informal and formal workers. In conclusion, from survey data, we did not identify major risks to health among e-waste workers, and only minor differences between workers in informal and formal settings.

Valoración del V signo vital en atención primaria / Valuation of the fifth vital sign in primary care

Objetivo: “Implementar la valoración del quinto signo vital en la atención primaria”. Material y métodos: Es un estudio descriptivo experimental. Se aplicó EVA a todos los usuarios que concurrieron a morbilidad por dolor durante el mes de octubre de 2008, registrándola en la ficha digital RAYEN. Resultados: Se constituyó una muestra de 1.625 pacientes, con un 69 por ciento femenino y un 31 por ciento masculino, la media es de 55 años. El principal motivo de consulta fueron las enfermedades osteomusculares y del tejido conjuntivo. La indicación farmacológica que ocupó el 30 por ciento fueron los analgésicos no opiodes. EVA se aplicó al 46,6 por ciento de pacientes que la tenían indicada, la intensidad fue de 35,3 por ciento dolor leve, 59 por ciento dolor moderado y 5,7 por ciento dolor intenso. Conclusiones: Se demostró el déficit del uso de EVA por parte de los profesionales médicos, en un 53,3 por ciento de la población que requería la aplicación de EVA, el profesional de la salud no valoró la intensidad del dolor del usuario. El camino de socialización del Quinto Signo Vital en la Atención Primaria de salud se encuentra en una etapa básica, es necesario fomentar su uso y capacitaciones en el tema del dolor para correlacionar la intensidad con tratamiento y trabajo en equipo. En octubre de 2009, la ficha digital RAYEN ingresó la valoración del quinto signo vital en el examen físico por medio de la solicitud de esta investigación.

Objective: “To implement the valuation of the fifth vital sign in primary care”. Materials and methods: This is an experimental descriptive research where EVA was applied to the users showing signs of pain in October 2008 and RAYEN, a digital record, was used to record the data. Results: We worked on a 1,625 patient sample with 69 percent female and 31 percent male patients with an average age of 55 years. Most medical advice was sought in relation with osteomuscular and conjunctive tissue. 30 percent of patients were on non opiod analgesia. EVA was applied to 46.6 per cent of patients already under the referred medication with different pain levels: mild 35.3 per cent, moderate 59 per cent, and intense 5.7 per cent. Conclusions: This research showed a deficit in the application of EVA by those in the medical profession. The level of pain in 53.3 per cent of the population that required EVA treatment was note valuated by the professional in charge. The use of the Fifth Vital Sign in primary care is not widely used, but rather at a basic stage, therefore encouraging its use by training professionals in pain related matters to correlate the pain level to treatment and team work is essential. In October 2009, RAYEN, the digital record, included the fifth vital sign valuation as part of the physical examination as a result of this research.